TOEFL Writing 対策
セクション概要
Task 1: Integrated Writing
- 形式: Reading + Listening → 比較・要約
- 制限時間: 20分(Reading 3分 + Listening 2-3分 + Writing 20分)
- 目標 word count: 200-300 words
Task 2: Academic Discussion
- 形式: 教授の質問 + 学生2人の意見 → 自分の意見
- 制限時間: 10分
- 目標 word count: 100+ words
Task 1: Integrated Writing
構造(5パラグラフテンプレート)
Paragraph 1: Introduction
The reading and the lecture are both about [topic].
The author of the reading argues that [reading thesis].
However, the lecturer challenges this view, contending that
[lecture thesis].
Paragraph 2: Point 1
First, the reading suggests that [reading point 1].
The author cites [evidence/reasoning].
However, the lecturer disputes this by stating that [lecture counter 1].
He/she explains that [supporting detail].
Paragraph 3: Point 2
Second, the reading claims that [reading point 2].
According to the author, [evidence/reasoning].
The lecturer, however, argues otherwise, pointing out that
[lecture counter 2]. He/she elaborates that [supporting detail].
Paragraph 4: Point 3
Finally, the reading proposes that [reading point 3].
The author argues that [evidence].
The lecturer takes issue with this, asserting that [lecture counter 3].
He/she demonstrates that [supporting detail].
Paragraph 5: Conclusion (オプション、時間あれば)
In conclusion, the lecturer effectively challenges the points
made in the reading by providing [overall counter-argument].
Tips for Task 1
- Reading で 3つの主要点を抽出
- Listening で対応する反論を捉える
- 自分の意見は不要(要約・比較のみ)
- 接続詞: However, In contrast, On the other hand, By contrast
Task 2: Academic Discussion
構造
Step 1: Read the question (1分)
Step 2: Read other students' opinions (2分)
Step 3: Write your opinion (7分)
テンプレート
[Position Statement]:
While [Student 1] argues that [opinion 1] and [Student 2] suggests
[opinion 2], I believe that [your stronger position].
[Connection to existing opinions]:
I agree with [Student 1/2]'s point about [aspect], because [reason].
However, I think [Student 1/2] overlooks [important consideration].
[Your supporting argument]:
The most compelling reason for my view is [main reason].
For example, [specific example or detail].
[Counter-consideration]:
Although some might argue that [potential counter], I would respond
that [your rebuttal].
[Conclusion]:
Therefore, my position remains that [restate your view].
Tips for Task 2
- 100語以上必須(理想 150-180 words)
- 他の学生の意見に言及(2人とも)
- 具体例を入れる
- 文法ミスゼロを目指す(時間ある)
スコアリング基準
Task 1 評価軸
- Selection: 主要 3点を捉えているか
- Coherence: 構造が明確か
- Accuracy: Reading / Listening の内容を正確に伝えているか
- Language Use: 文法・語彙
Task 2 評価軸
- Engagement: 既存意見への言及・反応
- Argument: 自分の主張の論理性
- Examples: 具体例の質
- Language: 文法・語彙の幅
高得点のコツ
Writing 28+ のために
- テンプレートの体系化: 即座に書き始められる
- 語彙の幅: 同じ単語の繰り返し回避
- 接続詞の多様性: However, Moreover, Furthermore, Therefore
- 文法ミスゼロ: 1ミスで -1 点
練習方法
- 毎日 1問執筆(15-20分)
- ChatGPT / Claude で添削
- ネイティブ添削(必要に応じて)
接続詞・表現集
比較・対照
- However, In contrast, On the other hand, By contrast
- While, Although, Despite, Nevertheless
追加・列挙
- Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, Additionally
- First, Second, Finally, Lastly
因果
- Therefore, Thus, Consequently, As a result
- Because, Since, Due to, Owing to
例示
- For example, For instance, To illustrate, In particular
- Such as, Specifically
強調
- Indeed, In fact, Notably, Crucially, Importantly
結論
- In conclusion, To summarize, Overall, Ultimately
よく使うアカデミック表現
主張の表現
- "It is widely believed that..."
- "Research suggests that..."
- "Evidence indicates that..."
- "Many scholars argue that..."
反論の表現
- "However, this argument has limitations..."
- "Critics, however, point out that..."
- "On closer examination, this view..."
同意・支持
- "I concur with this perspective because..."
- "This view aligns with my belief that..."
不同意
- "I respectfully disagree because..."
- "This argument fails to consider..."
学習ロードマップ
Week 1-2: 基礎理解
Week 3-4: 演習
Week 5-6: 弱点克服
Week 7-8: 本番想定
学習リソース
必須
- TPO Writing 全問題
- TOEFL OG Writing
- ETS Sample Essays
推奨
- NoteFull Writing Course
- TST Prep Writing
- Grammarly Premium: 文法添削
添削サービス
- ChatGPT / Claude: 即時添削(無料)
- Native Camp 等の英作文添削
- MBA Coach: スポット利用
添削プロセス
Step 1: 自分で執筆(時間制限内)
Step 2: 自己レビュー
- 文法ミスチェック
- 構造確認
- 語彙の繰り返しチェック
Step 3: AI 添削(ChatGPT / Claude)
- "Please review my TOEFL Writing essay and provide feedback on:
- Grammar / Spelling errors
- Word choice and variety
- Logical flow and coherence
- TOEFL scoring perspective (target: 28+)"
Step 4: ネイティブ添削(必要に応じて)
Step 5: 次回への反映
- 学んだことを Anki カード化
- 次回エッセイで意識的に活用
Writing 弱点ノート
## エッセイ ID: _____ (TPO #X / 自作 #Y)
### タスク
[ ] Task 1 / Task 2
### 問題内容
- _____
### 自己評価
- 文法: _____ /4
- 語彙: _____ /4
- 構造: _____ /4
- 内容: _____ /4
- 総合: _____ /4
### 添削後の主要修正点
#### 文法ミス
- _____
- _____
#### 語彙改善
- 元: _____ → 改: _____
#### 構造改善
- _____
### 学び
- _____
このプロファイル向け Writing 対策
強み
- ビジネス文書執筆の経験(証券マーケティング・MonotaRO ドキュメント)
- 論理構造の理解(証券アナリスト試験)
- アカデミック語彙への接触(Reading 学習併存)
弱み
- アカデミックライティング経験不足
- 英語での論文・レポート執筆経験なし
- 文法の細かいミス(aspect / article / preposition)
推奨対策
- Grammarly Premium: 文法ミスの徹底排除
- ChatGPT / Claude: 構造改善と語彙の幅
- MBA エッセイ準備と連動: TOEFL Writing で学んだ構造を MBA エッセイに転用