背景知識 — Writing Task 1
評価4軸: TA（課題達成）/ CC（一貫性）/ LR（語彙）/ GRA（文法）
問題文
The bar chart below shows the average energy consumption per household in six countries in 2020.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
グラフ / データ
| Country | Electricity (kWh) | Gas (kWh) | Other fuels (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | 12,500 | 8,200 | 1,100 |
| Australia | 8,100 | 4,300 | 600 |
| Japan | 6,200 | 3,800 | 400 |
| Germany | 4,800 | 5,600 | 700 |
| France | 5,100 | 3,200 | 500 |
| Brazil | 2,900 | 800 | 300 |
単位: kWh / 年（1世帯あたり平均）
構成ガイド
| 段落 | 内容 | 語数目安 |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction | グラフの内容を言い換えて紹介 | 2〜3文 |
| Overview（必須） | 最も目立つ全体傾向（USAが突出・ドイツの例外・ブラジルが最低） | 2〜3文 |
| Detail 1（上位グループ） | USA と Australia の比較、電力 vs ガスの差 | 4〜5文 |
| Detail 2（中位・下位グループ） | Japan, Germany, France, Brazil の比較 | 4〜5文 |
有用表現
ヒント（段階的開示）
ヒント1
Overview で書くべき傾向: USAのエネルギー消費が突出して高い / ほとんどの国で電力が最大のエネルギー源（ドイツは例外）/ ブラジルが全項目で最低
ヒント2
Detail 1 の骨格: USA（12,500 kWh）→ Australia（8,100）→ Japan（6,200）の順に比較。ドイツは電力よりガスが多い逆転パターンを必ず言及。
モデル解答（Band 7.5〜8.0相当）
The bar chart illustrates the average annual household energy consumption in six countries in 2020, categorised into electricity, gas, and other fuels.
Overall, the USA consumed significantly more energy than any other nation across all three categories. While electricity was the predominant energy source in most countries, Germany was a notable exception, where gas usage exceeded electricity consumption. Brazil recorded the lowest figures in all categories.
Looking at the details, the USA demonstrated the highest electricity usage at 12,500 kWh, followed by Australia at 8,100 kWh and Japan at 6,200 kWh. In terms of gas consumption, the USA again led at 8,200 kWh, though Germany showed a distinctive pattern, consuming more gas (5,600 kWh) than electricity (4,800 kWh), unlike all other countries surveyed.
France and Japan had broadly similar electricity figures of approximately 5,100 and 6,200 kWh respectively, while their gas consumption was also comparable. At the lower end of the scale, Brazil recorded just 2,900 kWh for electricity and a mere 800 kWh for gas, making it the least energy-intensive country by a considerable margin.
解説
| 評価軸 | ポイント |
|---|---|
| TA | Introduction でグラフをパラフレーズ / Overview で最大・例外・最低を明示 |
| LR | predominant / notable exception / distinctive pattern / by a considerable margin |
| GRA | though で逆接 / making it... の分詞構文 / broadly similar を使った比較 |
よくある日本人のミス
| ミス | 原因 | 正しい書き方 |
|---|---|---|
| グラフの説明をコピー | paraphrase をしない | Introduction は必ず言い換える |
| Overview を書かない | 重要性を知らない | Overviewなしは最大Band 5.0 |
| 数値を全部書こうとする | 完全性を求める | 代表的な数値のみ、残りは比較・傾向で表現 |
自己評価
次回予告：Day 018 — Speaking（テクノロジーと日常生活）