背景知識
Writing Task 1 — 円グラフ(Pie Chart)とは
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 では、グラフ・図表・地図・プロセス図を 150語以上・約20分 で描写します。円グラフは 割合(%)の分布 を表し、棒グラフや折れ線グラフと異なり「変化の推移」ではなく 構成比の比較 が焦点です。
円グラフ描写の必須パターン
| 描写パターン | 表現例 |
|---|---|
| 最大を述べる | The largest share was …, accounting for X% |
| 最小を述べる | The smallest proportion was …, at just X% |
| 比率で比較 | … was roughly twice as large as … |
| 2項目を合計 | Together, these two categories accounted for X% |
| 変化を描写 | … surged from X% to Y% / fell sharply to X% |
| 概数表現 | approximately / nearly / just over / just under |
⚠ Overviewは必須! 数値を羅列せず、グラフ全体の最も顕著なトレンドを1〜2文で述べます。Overview がないと TA スコアが大幅に下がります。
採点基準(4軸 Band Descriptors)
| 軸 | Band 5.5 の要件 | Band 7.0〜7.5 の要件 |
|---|---|---|
| TA Task Achievement |
主要なトレンドを概ね捉えているが、不正確な部分がある | 主要な特徴を明確・正確に描写。Overview あり |
| CC Coherence & Cohesion |
段落に分かれているが接続語の使い方が単調 | 多様な接続語を効果的に使用。段落間の流れがスムーズ |
| LR Lexical Resource |
基本的な描写語彙を使用。繰り返しが目立つ | 多様な語彙。paraphrase が自然かつ正確 |
| GRA Grammatical Range & Accuracy |
基本構文中心。誤りがあるが意味は通じる | 複雑な構文を正確に使用。誤りが少ない |
問題
⏱ 制限時間: 20分 | 目安: 150〜185語
The pie charts below show the proportion of electricity generated from different energy sources in a country in 2000 and 2020. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
2000年
| Coal(石炭) | 42% |
| Natural Gas(天然ガス) | 25% |
| Nuclear(原子力) | 18% |
| Renewables(再生可能) | 8% |
| Oil(石油) | 7% |
2020年
| Natural Gas(天然ガス) | 33% |
| Renewables(再生可能) | 28% |
| Coal(石炭) | 22% |
| Nuclear(原子力) | 12% |
| Oil(石油) | 5% |
構成ガイド
推奨 4段落構成
| 段落 | 内容 | 語数目安 |
|---|---|---|
| 段落1 Introduction | 問題文を自分の言葉で言い換え(paraphrase)。そのままコピー禁止 | 25〜35語 |
| 段落2 Overview | 最も顕著な変化・特徴を2〜3文で述べる。数値は最小限に | 30〜45語 |
| 段落3 2000年の詳細 | 主要なカテゴリを割合が大きい順に描写。化石燃料合計の言及も効果的 | 40〜50語 |
| 段落4 2020年 + 比較 | 変化を中心に描写。2000年との比較を接続詞でつなぐ | 45〜55語 |
💡 Key phrases for comparison:
By contrast / In contrast / Meanwhile / However (2グラフ間の対比)
By 2020 / Over the twenty-year period / Between 2000 and 2020 (時制の切り替え)
By contrast / In contrast / Meanwhile / However (2グラフ間の対比)
By 2020 / Over the twenty-year period / Between 2000 and 2020 (時制の切り替え)
ヒント(自力で解いた後に開く)
最大の変化は「石炭の急激な減少」(42%→22%)と「再生可能エネルギーの大幅増加」(8%→28%、3倍以上)です。Overview はこの2点と「天然ガスがトップに浮上した」点を中心に述べましょう。
- 2000年: 化石燃料合計 = 42 + 25 + 7 = 74%
- 2020年: 化石燃料合計 = 33 + 22 + 5 = 60% (14ポイント減少)
- クリーンエネルギー(再エネ+原子力): 26% → 40%(14ポイント増加)
- 再エネは 8% → 28%(3.5倍)
- 天然ガスは 25% → 33%(8ポイント増で首位に)
[Introduction] The two pie charts illustrate the share of electricity production from five different energy sources in a country in 2000 and 2020. [Overview] Overall, coal was the dominant source in 2000 but its share declined markedly by 2020, when natural gas became the leading source. The most notable trend was the substantial growth in renewables. [2000年の詳細] In 2000, coal generated the largest proportion (42%)... Natural gas and nuclear followed at 25% and 18%... Combined, fossil fuels constituted 74% of generation. [2020年の詳細] By 2020, natural gas became the primary source at 33%... Renewables surged from 8% to 28%, more than tripling... Coal fell sharply to 22%, and nuclear declined to 12%...
モデル解答(Band 7.5〜8.0相当)
📝 約 180語 | 制限: 150語以上
MODEL ANSWER — Band 7.5〜8.0
Introduction
The two pie charts illustrate the proportion of electricity generated from five different energy sources in a country in 2000 and 2020.
Overview
Overall, coal was the dominant source of electricity generation in 2000, but its share declined substantially over the following two decades. By contrast, natural gas became the leading source by 2020, and renewables experienced the most dramatic growth of any category.
2000年の詳細
In 2000, coal accounted for the largest share at 42%, more than any other single source. Natural gas and nuclear power followed, making up 25% and 18% respectively. Oil represented a comparatively minor proportion at just 7%, while renewables contributed only 8%. Combined, fossil fuels constituted 74% of electricity generation.
2020年の詳細 + 比較
By 2020, the energy mix had shifted considerably. Natural gas rose to become the primary source, accounting for 33% — an increase of 8 percentage points. Most notably, the share of renewables surged to 28%, more than tripling its 2000 figure. In contrast, coal fell sharply to 22%, and nuclear power declined to 12%. Oil remained the smallest category, dropping slightly to 5%. Overall, the combined share of cleaner energy sources — renewables and nuclear — grew from 26% to 40%.
■ 構造キーワード | ■ 語彙・表現 (LR)
モデル解答の解析
Task Achievement (TA)
- Introduction で「2つの円グラフ / 5つのエネルギー源 / 2000と2020」を正確にparaphrase
- Overview に数値を入れず、最重要トレンドを2文で明示(TA で最重要ポイント)
- 主要カテゴリ(石炭、天然ガス、再エネ)を優先し、全データを羅列しない
Lexical Resource (LR) — 注目表現
| 表現 | 日本語訳 | 使用場面 |
|---|---|---|
| proportion of electricity generated | 発電量の割合 | Introduction |
| declined substantially | 大幅に低下した | Overview |
| experienced the most dramatic growth | 最も劇的な成長を経験した | Overview |
| accounted for the largest share | 最大の割合を占めた | 本文 |
| making up X% respectively | それぞれX%を構成して | 本文 |
| constituted 74% | 74%を構成した | 本文 |
| surged to 28% | 28%まで急上昇した | 本文 |
| more than tripling its 2000 figure | 2000年の数値の3倍以上 | 本文 |
| an increase of 8 percentage points | 8パーセントポイント増加 | 本文 |
| the combined share of cleaner energy sources | クリーンエネルギー源の合計割合 | まとめ |
Grammatical Range & Accuracy (GRA)
By 2020, ... had shifted(過去完了: 変化の完了を表現)more than tripling its 2000 figure(現在分詞構文: 結果を付加情報として補足)accounting for 33% — an increase of 8 percentage points(ダッシュ + 同格名詞句で変化量を補足)while renewables contributed only 8%(while節で対比的な事実を1文に統合)
有用表現・語彙
| 表現 | 日本語訳 | 使用例 |
|---|---|---|
| account for X% | X%を占める | Coal accounted for 42% in 2000. |
| make up / constitute X% | X%を構成する | Fossil fuels constituted 74%. |
| the largest / dominant share | 最大の割合 | Coal held the dominant share. |
| surge / soar (to X%) | 急増する | Renewables surged to 28%. |
| fall sharply / decline markedly | 急落/大幅に低下する | Coal fell sharply to 22%. |
| more than double / triple | 2倍以上/3倍以上になる | Renewables more than tripled. |
| an increase of X percentage points | Xパーセントポイント増加 | An increase of 8 percentage points. |
| by contrast / in contrast | 対照的に | In contrast, coal fell sharply. |
| combined / altogether | 合計で | Combined, fossil fuels made up 74%. |
| just over / just under / approximately | わずかに超えて/未満/おおよそ | just under a quarter (約24%) |
| roughly twice as large as | おおよそ2倍の | Coal was roughly twice as large as nuclear. |
| the proportion / share of | 〜の割合 | The share of renewables grew rapidly. |
よくある日本人のミス
| ミス | 原因 | 正しい書き方 |
|---|---|---|
| Coal increased from 42% to 22%. | increase/decrease を逆に使用 | Coal decreased from 42% to 22%. |
| Coal increased by 20%. | % と percentage points の混同 | Coal decreased by 20 percentage points. (20pt 減少 ≠ 20%減少) |
| In 2000, coal is 42%. | 時制を現在形にしてしまう | In 2000, coal accounted for 42%. |
| The chart shows that coal was very popular. | 主観的・評価的表現 | Coal constituted the largest share at 42%. |
| (全データを順番に羅列) | 「全部書かなければ」という思い込み | 重要なトレンドのみ選択して描写する |
| in 2000 to 2020 | 前置詞の誤り | from 2000 to 2020 |
| I think the reason is that... | 原因推測・意見の記述(NG) | Task 1 は描写のみ。意見・原因推測は書かない |
| The pie charts shows... | 主語複数なのに三単現 s | The pie charts show... / The pie chart shows... |
自己評価
語
分
次回予告:Day 039 — Speaking (Part 1/2/3: 環境問題と個人の行動)