背景知識
Writing Task 1 — 表(Table)とは
IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 では、グラフ・図表・地図・プロセス図を 150語以上・約20分 で描写します。表は 最も情報量が多く、最も難しい 図表タイプの一つです。データが行と列に整理されているため、どの数字が重要かを自分で選別する力(selecting) が TA スコアに直結します。
表を読む3つの視点
| 視点 | 着目点 |
|---|---|
| 行で見る(横) | 同じ項目内での 最大・最小・極端な値 |
| 列で見る(縦) | カテゴリ間の 合計・傾向の違い |
| 全体で見る | 最も高い値・最も低い値はどこか、目立つパターンは何か |
⚠ Overviewは必須! 表では「全体で最も高い/低いのはどこか」「最も顕著なパターン」を1〜2文で述べます。16個のセルを全部書くと羅列になり 150語に収まりません。 数値は本文に回し、Overview には入れないのが鉄則です。
採点基準(4軸 Band Descriptors)
| 軸 | Band 5.5 の要件 | Band 7.0〜7.5 の要件 |
|---|---|---|
| TA Task Achievement |
主要な特徴を概ね捉えるが、全データ羅列に陥りやすい | 重要な数値を 選別 し、明確に描写。Overview あり |
| CC Coherence & Cohesion |
段落に分かれているが接続語の使い方が単調 | 多様な接続語を効果的に使用。段落間の流れがスムーズ |
| LR Lexical Resource |
基本的な比較語彙を使用。繰り返しが目立つ | 多様な比較表現。paraphrase が自然かつ正確 |
| GRA Grammatical Range & Accuracy |
基本構文中心。誤りがあるが意味は通じる | 複雑な構文を正確に使用。誤りが少ない |
問題
⏱ 制限時間: 20分 | 目安: 150〜185語
The table below shows the average monthly cost (in US dollars) of four common living expenses in four cities in 2023. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
| 都市 | Rent(家賃) | Food(食費) | Transport(交通費) | Utilities(光熱費) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tokyo | $1,450 | $480 | $95 | $160 |
| London | $1,980 | $520 | $180 | $210 |
| Bangkok | $620 | $310 | $45 | $90 |
| Toronto | $1,320 | $450 | $120 | $175 |
各項目の最高値 | 各項目の最安値(※学習用ハイライト。本番の表には色はありません)
構成ガイド
推奨 4段落構成
| 段落 | 内容 | 語数目安 |
|---|---|---|
| 段落1 Introduction | 問題文を自分の言葉で言い換え(paraphrase)。そのままコピー禁止 | 25〜35語 |
| 段落2 Overview | 全体で最も高い/安い都市・最大の支出項目を2〜3文で。数値は入れない | 30〜45語 |
| 段落3 詳細1(家賃) | 最大の支出「家賃」を軸に4都市を大きい順に比較 | 40〜50語 |
| 段落4 詳細2 + まとめ | 食費・交通費・光熱費をまとめて比較。最後にBangkokの安さで締める | 45〜55語 |
💡 Key phrases for tables:
across all four cities / in every city(全体に共通するパターン)
ranged from $X to $Y(範囲を一文で示す)
followed by … respectively(順位づけを簡潔に)
A similar pattern can be seen in …(別カテゴリへの移行)
across all four cities / in every city(全体に共通するパターン)
ranged from $X to $Y(範囲を一文で示す)
followed by … respectively(順位づけを簡潔に)
A similar pattern can be seen in …(別カテゴリへの移行)
ヒント(自力で解いた後に開く)
全体で London が最も高く、Bangkok が最も安い のが最大のパターンです。さらに、どの都市でも Rent(家賃)が突出して最大の支出 という共通点があります。Overview はこの2点を中心に、数値を入れずにまとめましょう。
- 家賃: London $1,980 が最高、Bangkok $620 が最低(約 3.2倍 の差)
- London は全項目で最高(家賃・食費・交通・光熱すべて)
- Bangkok は全項目で最安
- Tokyo と Toronto は中間で似た水準
- 支出順はおおむね Rent > Food > Utilities > Transport
[Introduction] The table compares the average monthly expenditure on four living costs — rent, food, transport and utilities — in four cities (Tokyo, London, Bangkok and Toronto) in 2023. [Overview] Overall, London was the most expensive city across most categories, whereas Bangkok was by far the cheapest. Rent represented the largest expense in every city. [詳細1: 家賃] Rent was the dominant cost everywhere. London had the highest rent at $1,980, followed by Tokyo ($1,450) and Toronto ($1,320), while Bangkok was far lower at just $620... [詳細2: その他] For the remaining costs, food ranged from $310 (Bangkok) to $520 (London)... Transport and utilities were the smallest expenses...
モデル解答(Band 7.5〜8.0相当)
📝 約 185語 | 制限: 150語以上
MODEL ANSWER — Band 7.5〜8.0
Introduction
The table compares the average monthly expenditure on four common living costs — rent, food, transport and utilities — in four cities, namely Tokyo, London, Bangkok and Toronto, in 2023.
Overview
Overall, London was the most expensive city in most categories, whereas Bangkok was consistently the cheapest. In every city, rent constituted by far the largest single expense, while transport was generally the smallest.
詳細1: 家賃
Rent was the dominant cost across all four cities. London recorded the highest figure at $1,980 per month, followed by Tokyo and Toronto at $1,450 and $1,320 respectively. Bangkok stood out as a considerably cheaper option, with rent of only $620 — roughly a third of London's figure.
詳細2 + まとめ
A similar pattern can be seen in the other three categories. Food costs ranged from $310 in Bangkok to $520 in London, while utilities followed a comparable order, varying between $90 and $210. Transport was the smallest expense in three of the four cities, with London again the highest at $180 and Bangkok the lowest at just $45. Taken together, residents of Bangkok faced markedly lower living costs than those in the other three cities.
■ 構造キーワード | ■ 語彙・表現 (LR)
モデル解答の解析
Task Achievement (TA)
- Introduction で「4つの生活費 / 4都市 / 2023年」を正確にparaphrase(
expenditure on…/namely…を使用) - Overview に数値を入れず、「London最高・Bangkok最安・家賃が最大支出」の3パターンを明示(TA で最重要)
- 16セルを羅列せず、最大・最小・全体傾向に絞って描写
Lexical Resource (LR) — 注目表現
| 表現 | 日本語訳 | 使用場面 |
|---|---|---|
| average monthly expenditure | 月平均支出 | Introduction |
| namely … | すなわち(列挙の前置き) | Introduction |
| consistently the cheapest | 一貫して最も安い | Overview |
| constituted by far the largest single expense | 群を抜いて最大の単一支出だった | Overview |
| recorded the highest figure at $X | Xドルで最高値を記録した | 本文 |
| stood out as a considerably cheaper option | かなり安い選択肢として際立っていた | 本文 |
| roughly a third of London's figure | Londonの数値のおよそ3分の1 | 本文 |
| a similar pattern can be seen in | 〜にも同様のパターンが見られる | 本文 |
| ranged from X to Y | XからYの範囲だった | 本文 |
| faced markedly lower living costs | 著しく低い生活費に直面した | まとめ |
Grammatical Range & Accuracy (GRA)
— rent, food, transport and utilities —(ダッシュで挿入句、4項目を列挙)followed by Tokyo and Toronto at $1,450 and $1,320 respectively(respectively で対応関係を簡潔に)with rent of only $620 — roughly a third of …(with 付帯状況 + ダッシュで補足)Taken together, residents … faced …(分詞構文 Taken together でまとめを導入)
有用表現・語彙
| 表現 | 日本語訳 | 使用例 |
|---|---|---|
| the highest / lowest figure | 最も高い/低い数値 | London had the highest figure. |
| at $X (per month) | (月額)X ドルで | Rent stood at $1,980 per month. |
| considerably / significantly higher than | 〜よりかなり高い | London was significantly higher than Bangkok. |
| roughly X times as much as | 〜のおよそX倍 | roughly three times as much as Bangkok |
| by far the most expensive | 群を抜いて最も高い | London was by far the most expensive. |
| the cheapest city overall | 全体で最も安い都市 | Bangkok was the cheapest city overall. |
| across all four cities | 4都市すべてにわたって | Rent was the largest cost across all four cities. |
| a similar pattern can be seen in | 〜にも同様のパターンが見られる | A similar pattern can be seen in food costs. |
| ranged from X to Y | XからYの範囲だった | Food ranged from $310 to $520. |
| followed by … respectively | 続いてそれぞれ〜 | followed by Tokyo and Toronto respectively |
| in contrast / by comparison | 対照的に / 比べると | By comparison, Bangkok was far cheaper. |
| accounted for the largest portion of | 〜の最大部分を占めた | Rent accounted for the largest portion of expenses. |
よくある日本人のミス
| ミス | 原因 | 正しい書き方 |
|---|---|---|
| (16個の数字を全部書く) | 「全部書かなければ」という思い込み | 最大・最小・傾向に絞って選別する |
| Rent is 1980 dollar. | 単位・複数形・時制の誤り | Rent was $1,980 (per month). |
| Bangkok is 3 times cheaper than London. | 「X倍安い」は英語で不自然 | Bangkok's rent was roughly a third of London's. |
| Bangkok is cheap. | 主観的・口語的表現 | Bangkok had the lowest costs across all categories. |
| In Tokyo to London | 前置詞の誤り | in Tokyo and London / across the cities |
| The table show… | 主語単数なのに原形 | The table shows… |
| In Tokyo, rent is the highest. | 時制を現在形にしてしまう | In Tokyo, rent was the largest expense. |
| London is expensive because… | 原因推測・意見の記述(Task 2 と混同) | Task 1 は描写のみ。理由・意見は書かない |
自己評価
語
分
次回予告:Day 045 — Speaking (Part 1/2/3: 住む場所・都市と田舎)