背景知識
今日は 折れ線グラフ(Line Graph)の描写 です。IELTS Academic の Writing Task 1 では、グラフ・表・地図などを 150語以上・20分 で描写します。
1. Overview(全体傾向)は必須 — 省略すると Task Achievement が大きく下がる
2. 数値は選択的に引用 — 全年の数値を列挙してはいけない
3. Opinion を書かない — "I think..." / "This is because..." は減点対象
評価の4軸
Coherence & Cohesion (CC): 論理的な段落構成・接続表現
Lexical Resource (LR): グラフ描写特有の語彙の幅と正確さ
Grammatical Range (GRA): 過去形・比較表現・受動態の正確な使用
採点基準 — Writing Task 1 Band Descriptor
| Band | Task Achievement | Lexical Resource |
|---|---|---|
| Band 9.0 | 全特徴を正確にカバー。数値・比較・概観が完璧 | 高度な語彙を自然に使用。コロケーションが完璧 |
| Band 8.0 | 主要特徴をカバー。ごく稀に不足あり | 幅広い語彙。ごく稀に不正確 |
| Band 7.0 | 主要特徴をほぼカバー。Overview が明確 | 描写語彙を正確に使用。多様性がある |
| Band 6.0 ★目標 | 主要特徴はカバーしているが Detail が不十分な場合も | 基本的な描写語彙を使用。繰り返しがある |
| Band 5.0 | 特徴の選択が不十分。Overview が不明確 | 増加/減少 程度の語彙に限定 |
今日の目標: 150語以上を20分以内に書き、Overview + 主要比較 + 数値引用を含める
問題
The line graph below shows the percentage of people who used the internet in four countries (Japan, South Korea, Brazil, and Nigeria) between 2005 and 2020.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
| 国 / Country | 2005 | 2008 | 2011 | 2014 | 2017 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🏴 日本 (Japan) | 66% | 73% | 79% | 86% | 91% | 93% |
| 🏴 韓国 (South Korea) | 72% | 77% | 81% | 87% | 93% | 96% |
| 🏴 ブラジル (Brazil) | 21% | 34% | 45% | 55% | 65% | 74% |
| 🏴 ナイジェリア (Nigeria) | 4% | 9% | 23% | 38% | 47% | 61% |
書くべき主要ポイント
- 全体傾向: 4カ国すべてで増加傾向(Overview の核心)
- 上位グループ: 日本・韓国は期間を通じて高水準(60〜70%台スタート→90%超)
- 下位グループ: ブラジル・ナイジェリアは低い出発点から急上昇
- 最大の伸び: ナイジェリアが 4%→61% と最も急激(+57ポイント)
- 2020年最終値: 韓国 96% が最高、ナイジェリア 61% が最低
構成ガイド
推奨段落構成
| 段落 | 内容 | 語数目安 |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction | グラフの内容を言い換えて紹介(問題文をコピーしない) | 25〜35語 |
| Overview | 全体的な傾向を2文で(最重要)。数値は使わない | 30〜40語 |
| Body 1 | 上位グループ(日本・韓国)の詳細 + 数値引用 | 40〜55語 |
| Body 2 | 下位グループ(ブラジル・ナイジェリア)の詳細 + 数値引用 | 40〜55語 |
問題文をそのまま写さず、語句を言い換えます:
| 元の語句 | 言い換え例 | 注意点 |
|---|---|---|
| shows | illustrates / compares / presents | shows は口語的 |
| the percentage of people who used | the proportion of internet users / internet penetration rates | more academic |
| between 2005 and 2020 | over a 15-year period from 2005 to 2020 | 期間を言い換える |
例: "The line graph illustrates internet penetration rates in four countries — Japan, South Korea, Brazil, and Nigeria — over a 15-year period from 2005 to 2020."
Overview に含めるべき2点:
1. 全体傾向(4カ国すべて増加)
2. 最も目立つ特徴(上位2カ国 vs 下位2カ国 / ナイジェリアの最大の伸び)
例: "Overall, internet usage rose across all four nations throughout the period. South Korea and Japan consistently recorded the highest rates, while Nigeria demonstrated the most dramatic growth despite beginning from the lowest base."
解答欄(自由記述)
目標: 150語以上・20分以内・数値を選択的に引用
有用な表現・語彙
| 動詞 | 組み合わせ | 使用例 |
|---|---|---|
| rise / increase | gradually, steadily, sharply, dramatically | "Usage rose steadily from 21% to 74%." |
| surge / soar | (急激な上昇) | "Nigeria's rate surged from 4% to 61%." |
| reach / stand at | approximately, nearly, just over | "stood at approximately 93% by 2020" |
| level off / plateau | at around / at approximately | "began to level off at around 90%" |
| remain / stay | relatively stable, consistently high | "the gap remained relatively narrow" |
| 表現 | 意味 | IELTS での使い方 |
|---|---|---|
| internet penetration | インターネット普及率 | proportion of internet users の言い換え |
| the most dramatic | 最も劇的な | "the most dramatic increase of all four" |
| consistently | 一貫して | "consistently recorded the highest rates" |
| despite | 〜にもかかわらず | "despite beginning from the lowest base" |
| by contrast / in contrast | 対照的に | 段落の冒頭で比較グループを切り替える |
| percentage points | パーセントポイント | "a rise of 57 percentage points" (% と混同しない) |
| a mere / only | わずか〜 | "from a mere 4% in 2005"(低さを強調) |
| closely followed by | 〜がすぐ後に続く | "South Korea led, closely followed by Japan" |
ヒント
問題文を写してはいけません。以下のように言い換えましょう:
"The line graph illustrates internet penetration rates in four countries — Japan, South Korea, Brazil, and Nigeria — over a 15-year period from 2005 to 2020."
Overview の2つの核心:
1. "Overall, internet usage rose across all four countries throughout the period."
2. "South Korea and Japan consistently recorded the highest rates, while Nigeria demonstrated the most dramatic growth."
4%→61% = 57ポイント増 = 全4カ国で最大の変化
"Nigeria, however, witnessed the most remarkable increase of all four nations, surging from a mere 4% to 61% over the same period — an increase of 57 percentage points."
注意: "percentage points" と "percent" は別物。4%→61% は「57 percentage points の増加」であり「1425% の増加」ではない。
モデル解答(Band 7.5〜8.0相当)
Introduction The line graph illustrates the proportion of people who accessed the internet in Japan, South Korea, Brazil, and Nigeria from 2005 to 2020.
Overview Overall, internet usage increased in all four countries throughout the period. South Korea and Japan consistently recorded the highest rates, while Nigeria demonstrated the most dramatic growth despite starting from a considerably lower base.
Body 1 In 2005, South Korea led with 72% internet penetration, closely followed by Japan at 66%. Both nations showed a gradual but steady rise over the 15-year period, with South Korea reaching 96% and Japan 93% by 2020. The gap between the two remained relatively narrow throughout.
Body 2 By contrast, Brazil and Nigeria began the period with considerably lower rates of 21% and 4% respectively. Brazil experienced consistent growth, climbing to 74% by 2020. Nigeria, however, witnessed the most remarkable increase of all four nations, surging from a mere 4% to 61% — an increase of 57 percentage points. Despite this, Nigeria still recorded the lowest usage rate in 2020.
約 170 語
解答の分析
よくある日本人のミス
| ミス | 原因 | 正しい対応 |
|---|---|---|
| Overview を省く | 「詳細を書く方が丁寧」と思う | Overview は必須。省くと TA が Band 5 相当に下がる |
| 毎年の数値をすべて列挙する | 「正確に書きたい」という心理 | 特徴的な数値のみ引用。スタートと終点・急変点が基本 |
| "The graph shows that Japan increased." | 主語の混同(グラフが増えるのではない) | "Japan's internet usage increased." または "The proportion of Japanese users rose." |
| "I think this is because of mobile phones." | 理由・意見を書く(Task 1 では禁止) | Task 1 はデータの説明のみ。理由・予測・意見は減点対象 |
| "increased by 57%" (57%の増加) | % と percentage points の混同 | "increased by 57 percentage points" (4%→61% の絶対差) "% 増加" は元の値を基準にした相対変化率 (4→61 = +1425%) |