Day 085 — Vocabulary & Grammar: Health & Medicine

2026-07-08 Phase 2 — Band 6.0 目標 Vocabulary(水曜) 語義推測 + コロケーション + エラー訂正 | 15問 | 20分

背景知識

Vocabulary Day — 水曜

今日は Vocabulary & Grammar — Health & Medicine の練習です。健康・医療・公衆衛生テーマは IELTS Academic のすべてのセクションで頻出。Writing Task 2 では「予防医学 vs. 治療」「政府の医療支出」「生活習慣病」が定番論点です。

セクション内容問題数攻略ポイント
Part A: 語義推測文脈から語義・類義語を答える5問(Q1〜5)目的・結果・対比のシグナルを探す
Part B: コロケーション補完正しい動詞・形容詞を選ぶ5問(Q6〜10)reduce the risk / medical care / adopt vs. adapt
Part C: エラー訂正文法誤りを特定して書き直す5問(Q11〜15)the number of の単複・相関接続詞・仮定法
IELTS Lexical Resource(語彙スコア)の3要素
Range(幅): 同じ語を繰り返さず多様な表現を使えるか
Accuracy(正確さ): コロケーション・語法が正しいか
Appropriacy(適切さ): Academic レジスターを使えているか

Part A: 語義推測(Context Clues)

⏰ Part A 目安: 7分
各文の 太字の語を文脈から推測し、(1) 日本語の意味、(2) 類義語(英語1語)を答えてください。
1
Public health campaigns aim to curb the spread of infectious diseases through vaccination and improved sanitation.
2
Chronic conditions such as diabetes and heart disease are increasingly prevalent in societies with sedentary lifestyles.
3
Early diagnosis can significantly enhance a patient's chances of recovery, particularly in the case of cancer.
4
The overuse of antibiotics has undermined their effectiveness, giving rise to drug-resistant bacteria.
5
Governments are under pressure to allocate more funding to preventive healthcare rather than costly hospital treatment.

Part B: コロケーション補完

⏰ Part B 目安: 6分
空欄に最も適切な語を A〜D から選んでください。
6
A balanced diet and regular exercise can significantly ______ the risk of cardiovascular disease.
  • A decline
  • B reduce
  • C lessen down
  • D descend
7
Many developing nations struggle to provide adequate ______ care to their rural populations.
  • A medical
  • B medicine
  • C medicinal
  • D medic
8
The new policy is intended to ______ the burden on overstretched public hospitals.
  • A ease
  • B soften
  • C relax
  • D calm
9
Doctors strongly recommend that patients ______ a healthy lifestyle to prevent chronic illness.
  • A adopt
  • B adapt
  • C adept
  • D adhere
10
The government has pledged to ______ significant resources in mental health services over the next decade.
  • A invest
  • B spend
  • C pay
  • D fund

Part C: エラー訂正(Error Correction)

⏰ Part C 目安: 7分
各文には1つの誤りがあります。誤りを特定し、正しい形に書き直してください。
11
The number of people suffering from obesity have risen dramatically in recent decades.
12
Regular exercise is beneficial not only for the body but also to the mind.
13
The doctor advised him to not smoke and to reduce his alcohol consumption.
14
Access to clean water is one of the most important factor in preventing disease.
15
If the vaccine would have been distributed earlier, thousands of lives could have been saved.

有用語彙・表現

語彙・表現意味使用例
curb抑制する、抑えるcurb the spread of disease
prevalent蔓延している、広く見られるincreasingly prevalent in modern society
enhance高める、向上させるenhance the chances of recovery
undermine(徐々に)損なう、弱めるundermine the effectiveness of antibiotics
allocate(資源を)配分するallocate funding to healthcare
preventive healthcare予防医学invest in preventive healthcare
chronic disease慢性疾患chronic diseases such as diabetes
sedentary lifestyle座りがちな生活習慣a sedentary lifestyle raises health risks
life expectancy平均寿命rising life expectancy
antibiotic resistance抗生物質耐性the rise of antibiotic resistance
コロケーション早見表: Health & Medicine
動詞名詞意味
reduce / lowerthe risk (of disease)(病気の)リスクを下げる
ease / alleviatethe burden (on hospitals)(病院への)負担を軽減する
adopta healthy lifestyle健康的な生活を取り入れる
allocate / investresources / funding資源・資金を配分/投資する
curb / combatthe spread (of disease)(病気の)蔓延を抑える

ヒント(解いた後に読む)

文脈の「目的・結果・対比」シグナルを探す。Q1: 「aim to _____ the spread(蔓延を〜する)」+「through vaccination(ワクチン接種で)」→ curb は「抑える」方向の語。Q4: 「overuse has _____ effectiveness(過剰使用が効果を〜した)」+「giving rise to drug-resistant bacteria(耐性菌を生んだ)」→ マイナス方向の語。

Q6: reduce は他動詞で "reduce the risk" が定番。decline / descend は自動詞なので目的語 "the risk" を取れない。
Q9: adopt(取り入れる): adopt a lifestyleadapt(適応する)とは別語。
Q7: medical care が正しい。medicinal は「薬効のある」で意味が違う。

Q11: 主語の核は The number(単数)→ has risen。(cf. A number of + 複数名詞 は複数扱い)
Q13: to不定詞の否定は to not smokenot to smoke(not を to の前に置く)
Q15: 仮定法過去完了の if 節では would have been distributedhad been distributed

モデル解答

Part A: 語義推測

Q日本語の意味類義語
1 curb 抑制する、抑える restrain / control / check
2 prevalent 蔓延している、広く見られる widespread / common / rife
3 enhance 高める、向上させる improve / boost / heighten
4 undermined (徐々に)損なった、弱めた weakened / eroded / compromised
5 allocate (資源を)配分する、割り当てる distribute / assign / apportion

Part B: コロケーション補完

Q答え理由
6 B — reduce "reduce the risk" が最も自然なコロケーション。decline / descend は自動詞で目的語を取れず、"lessen down" は誤用。
7 A — medical "medical care(医療ケア)" が正しい。medicinal は「薬効のある」で意味が異なる。
8 A — ease "ease the burden(負担を軽減する)" が定番。soften / relax / calm は burden とは共起しない。
9 A — adopt "adopt a lifestyle(生活様式を取り入れる)"。adapt は「適応する」で意味が異なる。
10 A — invest "invest resources in 〜" が正しい。spend / pay は語法や前置詞が合わない。

Part C: エラー訂正

Q誤り正しい形理由
11 have risen has risen 主語の核は "The number"(単数)→ has。A number of + 複数は複数扱い
12 but also to the mind but also for the mind not only A but also B は形を揃える(for the body / for the mind)
13 to not smoke not to smoke to不定詞の否定は not を to の前に置く
14 the most important factor the most important factors one of the + 最上級の後は複数名詞
15 would have been distributed had been distributed 仮定法過去完了の if 節では would ではなく had + 過去分詞

解答分析

The number of + 複数名詞 → 単数扱い(核は "the number"): The number of patients has increased.
A number of + 複数名詞 → 複数扱い(「多くの〜」= many): A number of patients have recovered.
直後の複数名詞に引きずられて have を選ぶのが日本人最頻出ミス。

not only A but also B は A と B を文法的に同じ形にする(parallelism)。
not only for the body but also for the mind(前置詞句で揃える)
not only for the body but also to the mind(前置詞が不揃い → ❌)
同じ原則: both A and B / either A or B / neither A nor B もすべて並列を守る。

過去の事実に反する仮定(仮定法過去完了)の型:

If + 主語 + had + 過去分詞, 主語 + would/could/might + have + 過去分詞.
例: If the vaccine had been distributed earlier, lives could have been saved.
If ... would have been ... のように if 節に would を入れるのは典型的な誤り。

よくある日本人のミス

ミス原因正しい書き方
The number of patients have increased 直後の複数名詞に引きずられる The number of patients has increased
good not only for health but also to beauty 相関接続詞の並列を意識しない good not only for health but also for beauty
He decided to not go. 「〜しないことに決めた」からの直訳 He decided not to go.
one of the most important factor 「1つの要因」なので単数と思い込む one of the most important factors
If I would have known, I would have... 仮定法の if 節で would を使う If I had known, I would have...

自己評価

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