背景知識
IELTS Speaking は試験官との 1対1の会話形式 で行われる口頭試験です。リーディングや筆記と違い、自発的に話す力・流暢さ・語彙の引き出しの速さが問われます。
| パート | 形式 | 時間 | ポイント |
|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1 | 日常的な質問(3〜4問) | 4〜5分 | 流暢さ・自然さを見せる |
| Part 2 | Cue Card スピーチ | 3〜4分 | 1〜2分間まとまった話ができるか |
| Part 3 | 抽象的な議論(3〜4問) | 4〜5分 | 高度な語彙・意見の展開力 |
・全体的に理解可能な英語を流暢に話せる
・多少の言い直し・フィラー("um", "I mean")はOK
・単語の幅をある程度見せる(同じ単語を繰り返さない)
・複文(because / although / which)を使う
今回のテーマ「Health & Lifestyle(健康・生活習慣)」はIELTS Speakingで非常に頻出です。特に exercise・diet・stress 周りのコロケーションを正確に使えるかが Lexical Resource のスコアに直結します。
採点基準 — Speaking Band Descriptor
| Band | Fluency & Coherence | Lexical Resource | Grammatical Range | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Band 9.0 | ほぼ完全な流暢さ。話題を自由に展開 | 高度で自然なコロケーション・イディオム | 完全に正確かつ多様な文構造 | 完全に明瞭。抑揚が自然でネイティブに近い |
| Band 7.0 | 多少の自己修正はあるが流暢に話せる | 幅広い語彙を柔軟に使用 | 複雑な文法を概ね正確に使用 | 明瞭で理解しやすい。アクセントはOK |
| Band 6.0 ★目標 | ある程度流暢。繰り返しや言い直しあり | 基本〜中程度の語彙。コロケーションに誤りあり | 複文を使うが誤りが散見される | 概ね理解可能。発音パターンが安定 |
| Band 5.0 | 単純な構造のみ。話が途切れがち | 限られた語彙。繰り返しが多い | 基本文法のみ。複文はほぼない | 発音ミスが多く、理解に支障をきたす |
Part 1
日常的な質問
- Do you do any regular exercise?
- What kind of food do you enjoy eating?
- How do you usually relax after a busy day?
- Do you think people today are healthier than in the past?
Part 2
Cue Card スピーチ
- what you did
- why you decided to do it
- how easy or difficult it was
Part 3
抽象的な議論
- Do you think governments should do more to promote healthy lifestyles?
- Why do you think stress-related illnesses are becoming more common?
- Some people say technology has made us less healthy. To what extent do you agree?
構成ガイド
Part 1 の答え方
OK例: "Yes, I try to. I go jogging a couple of times a week because..." ← 理由・例を追加して2〜3文にする
Part 2(Cue Card)の推奨構成
| セクション | 内容 | 語数目安 |
|---|---|---|
| 導入 | "I'd like to talk about a time when I tried to [行動]." | 15〜20語 |
| What | 具体的に何をしたか(運動・食事制限など) | 25〜35語 |
| Why | 始めたきっかけ・理由 | 25〜35語 |
| Difficulty | 簡単だったか難しかったか・その理由 | 30〜40語 |
| Success | 結果・成功度・気づき | 30〜40語 |
Part 3 の答え方(議論型)
1. 立場を明確に: "I believe / In my view, ..."
2. 理由1: "This is because ..."
3. 例・具体化: "For instance, ..."
4. (加点) 逆接: "While some may argue ..., I still think ..."
解答欄(自由記述)
Part 2のCue Cardスピーチ原稿、またはPart 3の解答メモをここに書いてみましょう。
有用語彙・表現
| 表現 | 意味・使い方 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|
| to lead a healthy lifestyle | 健康的な生活を送る | She's always led a healthy lifestyle. |
| to stick to a routine | 習慣を継続する | It's hard to stick to a morning routine. |
| a sedentary lifestyle | 座りっぱなしの生活習慣 | Office workers often have a sedentary lifestyle. |
| to burn calories / build muscle | カロリーを消費する / 筋肉をつける | Running is a great way to burn calories. |
| to unwind / de-stress | リラックスする・ストレスを発散する | I read novels to unwind after work. |
| a balanced diet | バランスの取れた食事 | A balanced diet is essential for long-term health. |
| to be prone to ~ | 〜にかかりやすい | Sedentary workers are prone to back pain. |
| preventive healthcare | 予防医療 | Preventive healthcare can reduce long-term medical costs. |
| work-life balance | ワークライフバランス | Maintaining a good work-life balance improves wellbeing. |
| to take a toll on ~ | 〜に悪影響を及ぼす | Stress can take a toll on your health. |
ヒント
Part 2 のスピーチは 「きっかけ→行動→障害→結果」の時系列で語ると自然な流れになります。
- 単に「運動を始めた」だけでなく、なぜそのタイミングだったのかを具体的に
- 健康診断の結果・体調不良・周囲の影響など、きっかけを明示すると説得力が増す
- 結果を語る動詞: "lost weight", "gained energy", "slept better"
一方的に断言するより両面から論じるのが Band 6.0+ のアプローチ
| 悪影響 | 好影響 |
|---|---|
| 座りがちな行動(sedentary behaviour) | フィットネストラッキングアプリ |
| スクリーンタイムの増加 | 健康情報へのアクセス向上 |
| 睡眠の妨害 | 遠隔医療(telemedicine) |
| 運動不足 | オンラインフィットネス動画 |
"I'd like to talk about a time when I decided to [行動]."
"It was after [きっかけ], which made me realise I needed to change."
"So, I started [具体的な行動]."
"Honestly, it was [難易度] because [理由]."
"Looking back, it was [結果] — I [変化・成果]."
実際の経験・行動を自分のものに置き換えましょう。
モデル解答(Band 7.5〜8.0相当)
Part 1 モデル解答
Yes, I try to. I go jogging a couple of times a week, and I also do some light stretching in the mornings. It's not always consistent, especially when work gets busy, but I try to stick to it as much as I can.
I generally prefer home-cooked meals with plenty of vegetables. That said, I do have a weakness for fried food and sweets, so I try to keep those as occasional treats rather than everyday habits.
I usually unwind by reading or going for a short walk. I find that stepping away from screens really helps me de-stress, especially since my work involves staring at a computer all day.
It's a bit of a mixed picture, honestly. In some ways, we have better access to healthcare and health information, so people are more aware of nutrition. But at the same time, our lifestyles have become far more sedentary, so I'd say it balances out.
Part 2 モデル解答(Cue Card)
導入 I'd like to talk about a time when I decided to start exercising more regularly.
Why It was around two years ago, after a routine health check-up at work. The doctor mentioned that my cholesterol levels were a bit higher than they should be for my age, which was honestly a wake-up call. I'd been living a fairly sedentary lifestyle, spending most of my time sitting at a desk as a software engineer.
What So, I decided to start going to the gym three times a week and cut down on fried and processed food.
Difficulty Honestly, it was quite difficult at first, mainly because of my busy work schedule — I often had to force myself to go even when I was exhausted. There were definitely weeks when I skipped sessions entirely.
Success That said, looking back, I'd say it was fairly successful. Over about six months, I lost a few kilograms, and more importantly, I noticed I had much more energy throughout the day and slept better at night. It also taught me the value of building small, sustainable habits rather than trying to overhaul my entire lifestyle overnight.
Part 3 モデル解答
Yes, I think governments have a significant role to play. This is because unhealthy lifestyles often lead to long-term costs for the whole of society, particularly through public healthcare systems. For instance, some countries have introduced sugar taxes or public awareness campaigns to encourage healthier choices. That said, I don't think regulation alone is enough — individual responsibility still matters a great deal.
I think it largely comes down to the pace of modern life. Many people, especially in urban areas, are constantly connected to work through smartphones, which makes it difficult to switch off. Additionally, the pressure to constantly perform and compare ourselves to others — partly fuelled by social media — takes a real toll on mental health. So it's less about any single cause and more about several factors compounding each other.
I partially agree with that view. On one hand, technology has clearly encouraged more sedentary behaviour — people spend hours scrolling through their phones instead of being physically active, and screen time before bed disrupts sleep. On the other hand, technology has also given us fitness tracking apps and easier access to health information, which can genuinely improve how people manage their wellbeing. So I'd say it really depends on how people choose to use it, rather than technology being inherently good or bad for health.
モデル解答の解説
フィラー(Honestly / That said / So)が自然に散りばめられ、不自然な沈黙がない。Part 2は「きっかけ→行動→困難→結果」の時系列構成で一貫性がある。"Looking back," / "More importantly," など遷移表現が豊富。
高度な語彙・コロケーションの使用:
- "a wake-up call"(目を覚まさせる出来事)
- "sedentary lifestyle"(座りがちな生活習慣)— アカデミック語彙
- "sustainable habits"(持続可能な習慣)
- "takes a real toll on ~"(〜に悪影響を及ぼす)
文法テクニックの活用:
- "I'd been living a fairly sedentary lifestyle" — 過去完了進行形
- "partly fuelled by social media" — 分詞構文
- "which was honestly a wake-up call" — 非制限用法の関係代名詞節
- "On one hand ... On the other hand ..." — 譲歩構文
発音のポイント(カタカナ参考):
- cholesterol → コレステロール(第2音節にアクセント)
- sedentary → セデンタリー(第1音節にアクセント)
- sustainable → サステイナブル(第2音節にアクセント)
- compounding → コンパウンディング(第2音節にアクセント)
よくある日本人のミス
| ミスの例 | 原因 | 正しい書き方 |
|---|---|---|
| I do sports every week. | 「する」の直訳。sportは通常 "play" | I play sports every week. / I do exercise every week. |
| I want to lose my weight. | 所有格の不要な付加 | I want to lose weight. |
| I am stress from work. | stress は名詞。形容詞形が必要 | I am stressed because of work. |
| I go to gym. | 冠詞の欠落 | I go to the gym. |
| She is very much healthy. | 語順の誤り(副詞の位置) | She is very healthy. / She is extremely healthy. |