背景知識
IELTS Speaking は試験官との 1対1の会話形式 で行われる口頭試験です。今回のテーマ「Media, News & Social Media(メディア・ニュース・SNS)」はPart 1で日常の情報収集習慣、Part 2で「意見が変わった経験」、Part 3ではSNSの信頼性・企業の責任・メディアの未来という、Phase 3にふさわしい抽象度の高い社会的議論にまで発展します。
| パート | 形式 | 時間 | ポイント |
|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1 | 日常的な質問(3〜4問) | 4〜5分 | 流暢さ・自然さを見せる |
| Part 2 | Cue Card スピーチ | 準備1分+1〜2分 | 1〜2分間まとまった話ができるか |
| Part 3 | 抽象的な議論(3〜4問) | 4〜5分 | 高度な語彙・意見の展開力 |
Phase 2では「複文を使って理由を添えられるか」がゴールでした。Phase 3(Band 6.5)ではさらに2点が加わります。
1. Hedging language(断定を避ける言い回し) — "I'd say... to a certain extent" / "arguably" / "it could be argued that..." / "on balance" のように意見に幅を持たせる
2. 自然な言い換え(paraphrasing) — 同じ単語(news, believe など)を繰り返さず、synonymに置き換える
これまで Education & Learning(Day 078)→ Health & Lifestyle(Day 087)→ Travel & Tourism(Day 094)→ Work & Career(Day 101)→ Free Time & Hobbies(Day 108)と扱ってきましたが、今回は 「情報とどう向き合うか」 という、Part 3で最も差がつきやすい抽象トピックに取り組みます。
採点基準 — Speaking Band Descriptor
| Band | Fluency & Coherence | Lexical Resource | Grammatical Range | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Band 9.0 | ほぼ完全な流暢さ。話題を自由に展開 | 高度で自然なコロケーション・イディオム | 完全に正確かつ多様な文構造 | 完全に明瞭。抑揚が自然でネイティブに近い |
| Band 7.0 | 多少の自己修正はあるが流暢に話せる | 幅広い語彙を柔軟に使用 | 複雑な文法を概ね正確に使用 | 明瞭で理解しやすい。アクセントはOK |
| Band 6.5 ★目標 | ある程度流暢。hedging表現で意見に幅を持たせられる | 中程度〜やや高度な語彙。言い換えができる | 複文+一部の譲歩構文を使用 | 概ね理解可能。発音パターンが安定 |
| Band 5.5 | 単純な構造のみ。断定的な意見に偏りがち | 限られた語彙。繰り返しが多い | 基本文法のみ。複文はほぼない | 発音ミスが多く、理解に支障をきたす |
Part 1
日常的な質問
- How do you usually find out about news and current events?
- Do you use social media often?
- Has the way you get information changed over the past few years?
- Do you trust the news you see online?
Part 2
Cue Card スピーチ
- what the news or information was about
- where you came across it
- what you originally thought before reading it
Part 3
抽象的な議論
- Why do you think some people believe everything they read on social media?
- Do you think social media companies should be held responsible for false information spreading on their platforms?
- How might the way people get their news change in the future?
- Is traditional media, like TV and newspapers, still relevant in the age of social media?
構成ガイド
Part 1 の答え方
OK例: "I mostly get my news through apps that curate headlines for me, to be honest, rather than going to a specific website. It's convenient, but I sometimes wonder how balanced the selection actually is." ← 具体性・軽い意見を追加
Part 2(Cue Card)の推奨構成
| セクション | 内容 | 語数目安 |
|---|---|---|
| 導入 | "I'd like to talk about a time when [情報の概要]..." | 15〜20語 |
| What | その情報・ニュースの具体的な内容 | 30〜40語 |
| Where | どこでその情報に出会ったか | 20〜25語 |
| Before | 読む前は何を思っていたか | 25〜35語 |
| How it changed | それがどう意見を変えたか | 35〜45語 |
Part 3 の答え方(Phase 3・hedging強化版)
1. 立場を明確に、ただし断定を避ける: "I'd say... to a certain extent" / "Arguably, ..."
2. 理由: "This is largely because ..."
3. 例・具体化: "For instance, ..."
4. 反対意見への目配せ: "That said, it could be argued that ..."
5. 締め(バランス): "On balance, I think ..."
解答欄(自由記述)
Part 2のCue Cardスピーチ原稿、またはPart 3の解答メモをここに書いてみましょう。
有用語彙・表現
| 表現 | 意味・使い方 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|
| current affairs | 時事問題 | I try to keep up with current affairs, even if it's just skimming headlines. |
| to keep up to date with ~ | 〜の最新情報を追う | Social media makes it easy to keep up to date with breaking news. |
| to be exposed to (misinformation) | (誤情報に)さらされる | Younger users are especially exposed to misinformation on unregulated platforms. |
| an echo chamber | 似た意見ばかりが増幅される閉じた空間 | Algorithms can trap people in an echo chamber of similar opinions. |
| to take something with a pinch of salt | 話半分に聞く | I take most viral posts with a pinch of salt until I've checked a reliable source. |
| a credible / reliable source | 信頼できる情報源 | It's important to cross-check stories against a credible source. |
| media literacy | メディアリテラシー | Schools should teach media literacy from an early age. |
| sensationalist headlines | 扇情的な見出し | Sensationalist headlines are designed to get clicks rather than inform. |
| algorithm-driven (feed) | アルゴリズムに動かされた(フィード) | My newsfeed is entirely algorithm-driven, so it shows me what I already agree with. |
| to fact-check | 事実確認をする | Good journalists fact-check claims before publishing them. |
| doomscrolling | 悪いニュースを延々とスクロールし続けること | I've noticed I doomscroll a lot more since I started following the news so closely. |
| it could be argued that ~ | 〜だと論じることもできる(hedging) | It could be argued that social media has done more harm than good to public discourse. |
ヒント
Part 2 のスピーチは 「何の情報だったか→どこで出会ったか→読む前の考え→どう変わったか」の順に、実際に自分が経験した(または経験しそうな)話として語ると説得力が増します。
- ニュース・SNS投稿・記事・動画など、身近な情報源を題材にすると具体性が出る
- 「読む前」と「読んだ後」の考えを対比させると、Coherenceのスコアが上がる
- 変化を語る動詞: "realise", "shift my opinion", "reconsider"
一方的に断言するより両面から論じるのが Band 6.5+ のアプローチ
| SNSの情報を信じやすい理由 | 信じにくくする要因 |
|---|---|
| アルゴリズムが似た意見ばかり見せる(echo chamber) | メディアリテラシー教育の普及 |
| 見出しが感情的・扇情的で目を引きやすい | ファクトチェック機能の存在 |
| 企業に責任があるという論拠 | 責任は個人にあるという論拠 |
|---|---|
| アルゴリズム設計が拡散を助長している | 表現の自由・検閲への懸念 |
| 巨大な社会的影響力を持っている | 情報を選別するのは最終的にユーザー自身 |
断定("Social media is bad")ではなく、"Arguably, social media has made it harder to separate fact from opinion" のように和らげると、より成熟した意見に聞こえます。
"I'd like to talk about a time when I came across [情報] that completely changed how I saw [トピック]."
"I first saw it on [情報源:ニュースアプリ/SNS/記事]."
"Before that, I'd always assumed [元の考え]."
"But after reading/watching it, I realised [変わった考え], mainly because [理由]."
実際の経験・関心を自分のものに置き換えましょう。
モデル解答(Band 7.5〜8.0相当)
Part 1 モデル解答
Mostly through news apps that curate headlines for me, rather than visiting a specific website. It's convenient, but I do sometimes wonder how balanced the selection actually is, since it's all algorithm-driven.
Fairly often, yes, though probably not as much as I used to. I mainly use it to keep up to date with friends and a few topics I'm genuinely interested in, rather than for news itself.
Quite significantly, actually. I used to rely on a couple of specific news sites, but now information reaches me passively through my phone, often before I've even gone looking for it. I'm not sure that's entirely a good thing.
To a certain extent, but I'm fairly selective. I tend to take viral posts with a pinch of salt and cross-check anything surprising against a source I consider credible before I believe it.
Part 2 モデル解答(Cue Card)
導入 I'd like to talk about an article I read online a while back that completely changed how I saw remote working.
What It was about the long-term effects of working from home — specifically, research suggesting that, contrary to what I'd assumed, fully remote teams weren't actually less productive than office-based ones, and in some cases performed better.
Where I came across it on a news aggregator app, more or less by accident, while I was scrolling through unrelated headlines during a break.
Before Before reading it, I honestly thought remote work was mostly an excuse for people to slack off, and that face-to-face collaboration was essential for getting anything meaningful done. That was largely based on assumptions rather than anything I'd actually looked into.
How it changed After reading the article, though, I realised my opinion had been based on outdated stereotypes rather than evidence. The piece cited several studies and included counterarguments too, which made it feel balanced rather than one-sided. It genuinely shifted how I think about flexible working arrangements, and I've been noticeably less sceptical about them ever since.
Part 3 モデル解答
I'd say it largely comes down to how these platforms are designed. Algorithms tend to show people content that confirms what they already believe, so users end up in a kind of echo chamber where opposing views rarely appear. That, combined with sensationalist headlines that are designed to provoke a reaction rather than inform, makes it easy to accept information uncritically. That said, it could also be argued that a lack of media literacy education plays just as big a role.
To some extent, yes, although it's a genuinely tricky issue. On one hand, these companies design the algorithms that amplify content, so arguably they bear at least partial responsibility for what spreads. On the other hand, holding them fully accountable raises uncomfortable questions about censorship and who gets to decide what counts as "false." On balance, I think platforms should be required to be more transparent about how content is promoted, even if outright censorship isn't the answer.
It's hard to say for certain, but I'd guess personalisation will only intensify, with AI curating increasingly individualised news feeds. That could be useful in some ways, but it also risks deepening echo chambers even further. I also wouldn't be surprised if there's a counter-trend towards people deliberately seeking out more traditional, vetted sources as a reaction against misinformation fatigue.
I'd argue it is, yes, even if its role has changed. Traditional outlets generally still have stricter editorial standards and fact-checking processes, which gives them a level of credibility that a lot of social media content simply doesn't have. That's not to say traditional media is flawless — far from it — but by and large, it still serves an important function as a more reliable reference point.
モデル解答の解説
Hedging表現(I'd say / to some extent / on balance / by and large)が各回答に自然に散りばめられ、断定を避けつつも明確な立場を示せている。Part 3では「一方で/その一方で」という対比構造("On one hand... On the other hand... On balance...")が議論に深みと一貫性を与えている。
高度な語彙・コロケーションの使用:
- "algorithm-driven"(アルゴリズムに動かされた)— メディア議論の頻出語
- "an echo chamber"(似た意見ばかりが増幅される空間)— Band 7.0+で好まれる比喩表現
- "sensationalist headlines"(扇情的な見出し)
- "misinformation fatigue"(誤情報疲れ)— やや高度な複合名詞
- "a more reliable reference point"(より信頼できる拠り所)— sourceの言い換え
Phase 3で重視するhedging構文の活用:
- "It could be argued that ..." — 受動態+that節による婉曲的な意見表明
- "That's not to say X is flawless — far from it — but ..." — 譲歩構文+強調挿入
- "I wouldn't be surprised if ..." — 仮定的なhedging表現
- "which gives them a level of credibility that a lot of social media content simply doesn't have" — 関係代名詞の入れ子構造
発音のポイント(カタカナ参考):
- algorithm → アルゴリズム(第1音節にアクセント)
- credible → クレディブル(第1音節に近い"cre"にアクセント)
- sensationalist → センセイショナリスト(第2音節にアクセント)
- transparent → トランスペアレント(第2音節にアクセント)
よくある日本人のミス
| ミスの例 | 原因 | 正しい書き方 |
|---|---|---|
| I believe the news is fake. | believeを断定的に使いすぎる | I'd say some of the news is probably exaggerated. |
| Social media is very dangerous. | 形容詞のみで根拠を示さず断定してしまう | Social media can arguably be quite harmful if used carelessly. |
| I trust news 100%. / I never trust news. | 極端な二択で答えてしまう(Band 5〜6の典型) | I trust it to a certain extent, but I always try to double-check anything surprising. |
| Everyone believe fake news. | 三単現のsの脱落 | A lot of people believe fake news. |
| I think that social media it has changed everything. | itの重複(口語の癖) | I think social media has changed everything. |
次のステップ
次回予告(来週金曜 Speaking): テーマ「Environment & Sustainability」。Part 3ではより長い複合文(if節を含む仮定の議論)に挑戦する。