Day 157 — Speaking: Health & Wellbeing(健康・ウェルビーイング)

2026-09-18 Phase 4 — Band 7.0 目標 Speaking(金曜) Part 1: 4〜5分 / Part 2: 準備1分+1〜2分 / Part 3: 4〜5分

背景知識

Speaking Day — 金曜 — Phase 4: Subjunctive Mood(仮定法現在)

IELTS Speaking は試験官との 1対1の会話形式 で行われる口頭試験です。今回のテーマ「Health & Wellbeing(健康・ウェルビーイング)」はPart 1で日常の運動・食事・睡眠の話題、Part 2では「健康・生活習慣を改善するために行った変化」の分析描写、Part 3ではSubjunctive Mood(仮定法現在)を自然に使いこなすという新しい強化ポイントに挑戦します。

Subjunctive Mood(Mandative Subjunctive)とは何か: 提案・要求・必要性を表す動詞や形容詞のあとの that節で使われる特殊な動詞形で、主語の人称や時制に関わらず、動詞が常に原形(bare infinitive)のままという特徴があります。日本人学習者は三単現のsや時制の一致に引きずられて "It is essential that everyone eats..." のように誤りがちですが、正しくは "It is essential that everyone eat..."(三単現のsが付かない)です。Band 7.0+ の Grammatical Range 評価基準が求める「複雑な文構造を正確に使用できるか」を強く示す構文です。
パート形式時間ポイント
Part 1日常的な質問(4問)4〜5分流暢さ・自然さを見せる
Part 2Cue Card スピーチ(健康の変化の分析型)準備1分+1〜2分What/When/Why→Difficulty→Subjunctive Mood(不可欠なこと)の構造で語れるか
Part 3抽象的な議論(4問)4〜5分Subjunctive Mood×Discourse Markerで自然に議論を展開できるか
今回のPhase 4強化ポイント(Subjunctive Moodの2パターン):
1. 動詞 + that節 + 原形 — recommend / suggest / propose / insist / demand / require のあと — 例: "My doctor suggested that I look more closely at my sugar intake."("looks"ではなく原形"look")
2. It is + 形容詞 + that節 + 原形 — essential / vital / crucial / important / imperative / necessary のあと — 例: "It is vital that people get enough sleep."("gets"ではなく原形"get")
健康・ウェルビーイングというトピックは「専門家が何を勧めるか」「政策として何が必要か」という提言・必要性の語りが自然に発生するため、Subjunctive Moodの練習に最適です。

これまで Media & Social Media(Day 115)→ Environment & Sustainability(Day 122)→ Technology & Innovation(Day 129)→ Culture & Tradition(Day 136)→ Education & Learning(Day 143)→ Work & Career(Day 150)と扱ってきましたが、今回は 新しいトピック「健康・ウェルビーイングと生活習慣の改善」 に取り組みます。

採点基準 — Speaking Band Descriptor

BandFluency & CoherenceLexical ResourceGrammatical RangePronunciation
Band 9.0 ほぼ完全な流暢さ。複雑な仮定法を完全に自然に運用 高度で自然なコロケーション・イディオム Subjunctive Moodを含む完全に正確かつ多様な文構造 完全に明瞭。抑揚が自然でネイティブに近い
Band 7.0 ★目標 多少の自己修正はあるが流暢に話せる。複雑な提言表現で話の流れを止めない 幅広い語彙を柔軟に使用。口語表現を自然に挿入 複雑な文法(Subjunctive Mood・Mixed Conditionals・譲歩など)を概ね正確に使用 明瞭で理解しやすい。アクセントはOK
Band 6.5 ある程度流暢。単純な提言表現(should + 原形のみ)で間をつなげる 中程度〜やや高度な語彙。言い換えができる 複文+一部の高度構文を使用(Subjunctive Moodは不安定で三単現のsが混入) 概ね理解可能。発音パターンが安定
Band 5.5 単純な構造のみ。詰まった際に無音や"uh..."が目立つ 限られた語彙。繰り返しが多い 基本文法のみ。that節・仮定法はほぼ使われない 発音ミスが多く、理解に支障をきたす

Part 1 日常的な質問

⏰ 4〜5分目標
やり方: 各質問に2〜3文(40〜60語程度)で答えてください。まず口頭で練習し、後で解答欄に書いてもOKです。
  • Do you do any regular exercise? What kind?
  • How would you describe your eating habits?
  • Do you think you get enough sleep on a typical night?
  • Has your attitude towards health changed as you've got older?

Part 2 Cue Card スピーチ

⏰ 準備1分 + スピーチ1〜2分
準備: 1分間でメモを取ってから、1〜2分間スピーチしてください。
CUE CARD
Describe a change you made to improve your health or lifestyle.
  • what the change was
  • when and why you decided to make it
  • how difficult it was to maintain
and explain what you think is essential for people to do if they want to make a similar change.
注意(分析的な描写の継続 × Subjunctive Mood): Day 122・Day 129・Day 136・Day 143・Day 150と同様、単なる出来事の説明ではなく「この変化は〜という点で重要で、〜という影響を今の自分に与えている」という構造で語ってください。最後の項目(他の人が同じ変化をするために何が不可欠か)では、Subjunctive Mood(It is essential/vital/important that + 主語 + 原形)を必ず使ってください。

Part 3 抽象的な議論

⏰ 各質問 30秒〜1分
やり方: Part 2のテーマ(健康・ウェルビーイング)に関連した抽象的な問いです。意見と理由を3〜5文で述べてください。
Phase 4ルール: 各回答に、Subjunctive Mood文(動詞 + that + 原形 または It is + 形容詞 + that + 原形)を最低1つ、これまで学んだDiscourse Markers(Well, / So, など)と組み合わせて入れましょう。
  • Do you think governments should do more to encourage healthy lifestyles?
  • What impact does social media have on people's body image and mental health?
  • Should companies be responsible for the wellbeing of their employees?
  • Why do you think so many people struggle to maintain healthy habits in the long term?

構成ガイド

Part 1 の答え方

NG例: "I go to the gym sometimes." ← これだけでは Band 5.0 レベル(具体性・理由なし)
OK例: "Well, I try to go running three or four times a week, mainly because it's the one part of my day where I'm not staring at a screen." ← "Well,"で一呼吸置いてから具体的な理由を続ける

Part 2(健康・生活習慣の変化)の推奨構成

セクション内容文法・表現のポイント語数目安
導入"Right, let me think... one change I made was..."考え中マーカー15〜20語
What/When/Why変化の内容・時期・きっかけ—30〜35語
Difficulty維持する上での障害、どう乗り越えたか譲歩構文も活用可35〜40語
Subjunctive Mood同じ変化をするために不可欠なことIt is essential/vital/crucial that + 主語 + 原形30〜40語

Part 3 の答え方(Phase 4・Subjunctive Mood × Discourse Markers 統合版)

2つのパターンの使い分け:
場面構文使用例
政策・提言を語る 動詞 + that + 主語 + 原形 "Experts recommend that governments subsidise gym memberships for low-income families."
必要性・重要性を強調する It is + 形容詞 + that + 主語 + 原形 "It is crucial that companies take employee burnout seriously."
意見への導入 Well, / Honestly, "Well, I'd say yes, to some extent."
譲歩との統合 Subjunctive + but/although "It is important that people exercise regularly, although finding the time is genuinely difficult for many."
Band 7.0+ の型:
1. 時間稼ぎ・考え中: "Well," / "That's an interesting question, actually."
2. Subjunctive Moodで具体化: "It is [essential/vital/crucial] that [主語] [原形]..." または "[Experts] recommend/suggest that [主語] [原形]..."
3. 譲歩との統合: "That said," / "Although..."
4. 締め(要約): "So, on balance," / "Anyway,"

解答欄(自由記述)

Part 2のCue Cardスピーチ原稿、またはPart 3の解答メモをここに書いてみましょう。

有用語彙・表現

表現意味・使い方例文
wellbeing 心身の健康・幸福 Employee wellbeing has become a major focus for many companies.
sedentary lifestyle 座りがちな生活習慣 A sedentary lifestyle is linked to a range of long-term health problems.
burnout 燃え尽き症候群 Chronic overwork often leads to burnout.
to fall by the wayside (習慣などが)続かなくなる My resolution to exercise more fell by the wayside after a few weeks.
to build a habit 習慣を身につける It took me almost two months to build the habit of going to bed earlier.
willpower 意志力 Relying purely on willpower rarely works for long-term habit change.
a balanced diet バランスの取れた食事 Doctors consistently emphasise the importance of a balanced diet.
mental health awareness メンタルヘルスへの意識 Mental health awareness has grown significantly over the past decade.
preventive healthcare 予防医療 Preventive healthcare is often cheaper than treating illness after the fact.
to take its toll 悪影響・負担を及ぼす Years of poor sleep eventually took its toll on her concentration.
work-life balance ワークライフバランス A poor work-life balance is one of the leading causes of stress-related illness.
body image 体型に対する自己イメージ Social media has been widely criticised for its effect on young people's body image.

ヒント

Part 2 は「健康・生活習慣の変化」というテーマですが、単に出来事を時系列で説明するのではなく、その変化を維持する上で何が難しかったか、そして他の人が同じことをするために何が不可欠かを語ることが重要です。最後の「不可欠なこと」の部分は、Subjunctive Moodを使う絶好の機会です。

  • 動詞パターン: recommend / suggest that + 主語 + 原形
  • 形容詞パターン: It is essential/vital/crucial that + 主語 + 原形
  • 変化の理由を語る動詞: "cut back on", "fall by the wayside", "build the habit of"

Discourse Markers(Day 143)と組み合わせつつ、Subjunctive Moodで具体的な提言を1つ挟むとBand 7.0+の説得力が出ます。

政府がもっと介入すべき論拠個人の責任に任せるべき論拠
医療費の削減・公衆衛生の向上につながる過度な介入は個人の自由を侵害しうる
低所得層ほど健康格差の影響を受けやすい規制だけでは根本的な行動変容につながらない
企業がwellbeingに責任を持つべき論拠個人・家庭の領域とすべき論拠
生産性・離職率に直結する過度な介入はプライバシーの侵害になりうる
長時間労働の文化を作った側の責任健康は本質的に個人の選択の問題

単純に「SNSは悪い」で終わらせず、"It is essential that platforms label digitally edited images more clearly." のように具体的な提言を1つ入れると、抽象論を超えた説得力が生まれます。

"Right, let me think..." one change I made was [変化の内容], which I decided to make around [時期], mainly because [きっかけ].

"Honestly," maintaining it was [difficulty].

"If someone wants to make a similar change, I think it's essential that they" [提言・原形], "and honestly, experts often recommend that people" [提言2・原形] "as well."

"So, looking back," it's genuinely one of the better decisions I've made.

実際の身近な経験に置き換えて練習しましょう。

モデル解答(Band 7.5〜8.0相当)

Part 1 モデル解答

Q1: Do you do any regular exercise? What kind?
MODEL — Band 7.5~8.0

Well, I try to go running three or four times a week, and I've recently started doing some light strength training at home too, mainly to balance out all the time I spend sitting at a desk.

Q2: How would you describe your eating habits?
MODEL — Band 7.5~8.0

Honestly, they're decent on weekdays — I cook most of my own meals and try to get a reasonable amount of vegetables in — but weekends are a different story entirely.

Q3: Do you think you get enough sleep on a typical night?
MODEL — Band 7.5~8.0

Not really, no. I probably average around six hours, which I know isn't ideal, but between work and just wanting some downtime in the evening, it's hard to prioritise going to bed earlier.

Q4: Has your attitude towards health changed as you've got older?
MODEL — Band 7.5~8.0

Definitely — in my early twenties I barely thought about it at all, but now I notice almost immediately if I've been skipping exercise or eating poorly for a stretch of time.


Part 2 モデル解答(Cue Card)

MODEL ANSWER — Band 7.5~8.0 (approx. 245 words)

導入 Right, let me think... one change I made to improve my health was cutting out most of the processed food and sugary drinks from my diet, which I decided to do about a year and a half ago.

Why The main reason was fairly simple — I'd been feeling sluggish most afternoons, and after getting a routine blood test done, my doctor suggested that I look more closely at my sugar intake before it became a bigger problem down the line. That was honestly the wake-up call I needed.

Difficulty Maintaining it, though, was genuinely difficult at first. For the first few weeks, cravings would hit me hard, especially in the afternoon, and I'll admit the habit nearly fell by the wayside more than once, particularly during stressful periods at work when convenience food felt like the easier option. What helped was meal-prepping on Sundays, so I never had a good excuse to fall back on something processed.

Subjunctive Mood Now, as for what I think is essential for anyone trying to make a similar change — honestly, it is crucial that people start with something small and specific rather than overhauling their entire diet overnight, because I've seen far too many people burn out on overly ambitious plans within a couple of weeks. I'd also say it's important that they don't treat the occasional slip-up as a failure, but just as something to get back on track from the next day.

締め So, looking back, it was without question worth the initial discomfort, even though the first month was genuinely harder than I expected.


Part 3 モデル解答

Q1: Do you think governments should do more to encourage healthy lifestyles?
MODEL — Band 7.5~8.0

Well, I'd say yes, to some extent. I mean, it is arguably essential that governments subsidise things like gym memberships or fresh produce for lower-income families, since health outcomes are so closely tied to income in most countries. That said, I don't think regulation alone can solve everything — a lot of it still comes down to individual habits. So, on balance, I'd say government support helps remove barriers, but it can't replace personal responsibility entirely.

Q2: What impact does social media have on people's body image and mental health?
MODEL — Band 7.5~8.0

Now, this is one area where I think the impact has genuinely been quite harmful, especially for younger users. Experts increasingly suggest that platforms label digitally edited images more clearly, given how much unrealistic content young people are exposed to daily. I mean, comparing yourself to a constantly curated, filtered version of other people's lives takes a real psychological toll over time. So, I'd say social media hasn't just changed how people see the world — it's changed how they see themselves.

Q3: Should companies be responsible for the wellbeing of their employees?
MODEL — Band 7.5~8.0

Right, I think this really depends on the scale of the company, but broadly speaking, yes. It is vital that larger companies at least provide reasonable mental health support and don't normalise excessive overtime, since burnout ultimately hurts productivity anyway. That said, I wouldn't say companies should be responsible for every aspect of someone's health — there has to be a line somewhere. So, I'd lean towards saying companies owe employees a healthy environment, not a guarantee of perfect wellbeing.

Q4: Why do you think so many people struggle to maintain healthy habits in the long term?
MODEL — Band 7.5~8.0

Well, for a lot of people it comes down to relying purely on willpower rather than building a sustainable system — if the habit isn't genuinely convenient, it tends to fall apart the moment life gets busy. That said, I've also noticed that people often set unrealistic goals from the very start, which makes early failure almost inevitable. So, on balance, I'd say it's essential that people build habits gradually rather than expecting motivation alone to carry them through.

モデル解答の解説

Fluency & Coherence

Part 2では"Right, let me think..."という考え中のマーカーから始まり、"Now,"(話題転換)を挟みながら一貫した時系列で語られ、最後の「不可欠なこと」の部分では2つのSubjunctive Mood文が連続して使われることで、単なる出来事の羅列ではなく「他者への提言」という分析的な締めくくりになっている。Part 3では"Well,"や"Right,"で一呼吸置いてから、Subjunctive Moodで具体的な提言を提示し、"So, on balance,"で結論に戻る型が一貫して繰り返されている。

Lexical Resource

高度な語彙・コロケーションの使用:

  • "fell by the wayside"(立ち消えになる)— 習慣が続かなかったことを表す比喩的イディオム
  • "burn out on overly ambitious plans"(過度に野心的な計画で燃え尽きる)— 挫折の原因を表す表現
  • "takes a real psychological toll"(心理的に本当の負担を及ぼす)— 悪影響の深刻さを表す表現
  • "owe employees a healthy environment"(従業員に健全な環境を提供する義務がある)— 企業責任の議論で使える表現
Grammatical Range

Phase 4で重視するSubjunctive Moodの2パターン:

  • 動詞 + that節 + 原形: "My doctor suggested that I look more closely at my sugar intake."("looks"ではなく原形"look")
  • It is + 形容詞 + that節 + 原形: "It is crucial that people start with something small and specific."("starts"ではなく原形"start")
  • Part 3での応用: "It is vital that larger companies at least provide reasonable mental health support."(三単現のsが付かないことに注意)
Pronunciation

発音のポイント(カタカナ参考):

  • It is essential that → イティズ・イセンシャル・ザット("essential"の第二音節にストレス、"that"は弱く短く)
  • experts suggest that → イクスパーツ・サジェスト・ザット("suggest"の第二音節にストレスを置き、そのあとの原形動詞にわずかに間を置く)
  • crucial that people start → クルーシャル・ザット・ピープル・スタート("start"を強く明瞭に発音し、"starts"と混同しないことを意識する)
  • on balance → オン・バランス("balance"の第一音節にストレスを置き、結論への転換を明確にする)

よくある日本人のミス

ミスの例原因正しい書き方
It is essential that everyone eats a balanced diet. 三単現のsを誤って付加(Subjunctiveは常に原形) It is essential that everyone eat a balanced diet.
The doctor recommended that she cuts back on sugar. 動詞に三単現のsを誤付加 The doctor recommended that she cut back on sugar.
It is vital that he got enough sleep last night. Subjunctiveに過去形を誤用(時制に関わらず原形) It is vital that he get enough sleep every night.
Experts suggest that companies will provide support. that節にwill(未来形)を誤用 Experts suggest that companies provide support.
It is important that she is careful with her diet. be動詞をisのまま使用(Subjunctiveではbeのまま) It is important that she be careful with her diet.

次のステップ

発展: Part 3で「もし世界中の政府が予防医療にもっと投資したら、何が変わるか(What do you think would change if governments around the world invested more in preventive healthcare?)」について、Subjunctive Moodを2つ以上・Mixed Conditional(Day 150)を1つ以上使って90秒間話してみる。
次回予告(来週金曜 Speaking): テーマ未定。Phase 4の新しい強化ポイントとして「Connected speech(音の連結・脱落・同化)」を予定。

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